Medication Errors: Causes and Problems Reporting Essay

In the early morning hours of a 12-hour shadow shift, a oblige gives the enduring an incorrect medicament. The aspirin given was wandered for the patient in the bordering room. Medication computer illusions be commons in the hospital setting and especially by a nurse who is dim from working a 12-hour shift. In the situation describe, should the nurse report the error or necessitate that the incident is not worth inform since it was only aspirin? Surprisingly, according to Covell and Ritchie (2009) most medical specialty errors atomic number 18 simply overlooked. arrests estimate that only between 25% and 63% of medicine errors ar actually account (p. 287).This estimation may seem low to some however, some other researchers estimate that the voluntary describe of practice of medicine errors may be even lower. In 2009, Jones and Treiber found that less than 5% of medicament errors are report. Medications are typically ordered by physicians, but it is ultimately the nurses responsibility to administer the correct medication. in that respect are several steps in this process and unfortunately when one step is altered, a medication error prat occur.Preventing errors has been and continues to be an important aspect of breast feeding. I believe that in order to provide patients with the crush possible care it is important for nurses to understand the common reported causas of medication errors, problems in account errors, and their percentage in medication counterion and reportage. throughout this paper I will discuss the medication error issues described above and their importance and furbish up on the nursing profession. Topics discussed in this paper include the common causes of medication errors, perceived problems with reporting medication errors, and the importance of medication errors to the profession of nursing. Common Causes of Medication ErrorsNurse Correlated CausesEven though preventative measures are taken, nurses are oft en still the cause of medication errors. Medication governing body is a major intervention in nursing and when distracted or outweard it is easy for simple mistakes to occur that normally would not have happened. The five rights are taught to all nurses at some point in their education as the basic technique to help reduce the occurrent of medication errors however, legion(predicate) nurses fail to consistently and accurately utilize these measures. According to a study of 775 nurses conducted by Jones and Treiber (2010), 79% of participants believed that failure to follow the five rights of medication administration causes the majority of medication errors.Other nurse-correlated causes identify by Jones and Treiber (2010) include distractions and interruptions of the nurse, high patient nurse ratios, and lack of good education along with fatigue and exhaustion. Types of factors that are directly related to nurses are addressed inbred causes of medication errors. However, lit erature shows that a combination of internal and external variables at bottom the nursing environment contribute to medication errors. Unfortunately, actions by nurses and failures to follow common nursing protocols directly place the responsibility of medication errors on the nursing profession. Other Associated CausesIt is also important to consider causes of errors other than the common internal causes directly correlated to nurses. A common external cause of medication errors is miscommunication. Miscommunication can occur in several different ways, but it often involves miscommunication from the initial prescription by physicians. Brady, Malone, and Fleming (2009) found that, ineffective written and verbal communication in relation to prescriptions contribute to medication errors, peculiarly between nurses and physicians (p. 692). Quite often, handwriting is not legible when prescriptions are written which results in medication errors.Since many drugs look and sound similar, it is easy for nurses to confuse handwriting. An example involves the medications, Vioxx, Ziox, and Zyvox. These medications sound very similar however, they are utilize for very different treatments. Confusion by the nurse in writing a verbal order or in reading the order related to one of these three medications could result in immense consequences. In a survey of 983 registered nurses, Brady et al. (2009) likewise concluded that poor handwriting ranks among the top three causes of medication errors.In addition, there are many other factors that have been shown to contribute to medication errors including incomplete patient information, use of abbreviations, unavailable drug information, lack of appropriate packaging and labeling of meds, and environmental factors such as problematic lighting. Understanding the cause of medication errors is an important step to fall the occurrence and prevent future errors from occurring. Unfortunately, reporting of errors is still a large pro blem among the nursing profession. Perceived Problems with ReportingBarriers to ReportingMost nurses would moderate that medication errors should be reported when they occur, yet medication errors are still underreported. A survey conducted by Jones and Treiber (2010) found that among nurses, 94% either strongly agreed or agreed that medication errors should be reported even when no harm resulted to the patient (p. 243). Based on these findings, it is obvious that there is some unlikeness between actual occurrence and reporting. These findings also provoke that there may be barriers to reporting. Barriers to reporting can be broken down into four major groups according to research from both Koohestani and Baghcheghi (2009) and Covell and Ritchie (2009). The major groups are inadequate definition, fear, reporting process, and administrative process.Surveys conducted by Covell and Ritchie (2009), determined that fear ranked as the highest barrier to reporting since participants ind icated that they were most fearful of adverse consequences from reporting medication errors (p. 289). Findings by Koohestani and Baghcheghis (2009) regarding barriers to reporting by nursing students also demonstrated fear as the strongest perceived barrier. Their research indicated that among nursing students the fear of, decreasing paygrade score and introducing educational problems along with instructors reprimand ranked as the highest barriers (p. 70). Surprisingly, both studies ranked the process of reporting, time to fill out proper forms and time to contact physician, as having the least impact on reporting. Increased ReportingThe large number of medication errors and the lack of reporting suggest a need for change among the nursing profession. According to research findings from a study conducted by Drach-Zachavy & Pud (2010), roughly every third patient, on average, is exposed to some sort of deviation from the regulations when receiving medication. Yet, when nurses were confronted with these findings, they tended to dismiss their gravity and argued that they were fruitless in the hospital context (p.801). One way to improve the problem of medication errors is to draw direction to the issue.This can be done by addd reporting of errors among the nursing profession. However, due to the barriers of reporting described by nurses, establishing a concrete system to improve reporting has been difficult. Most nurses are aware that underreporting of medication errors does occur however, they still fail to report. Education about proper reporting and awareness of the issue has been shown to increase reporting among nurses. Research shows that the major barrier to reporting medication errors is fear therefore, reducing fear is a major component to increase reporting. Strategies to reduce fear include procedures to, ensure that the processes used for reporting medication errors are respectful (Covell & Ritchie, 2009, p. 295). It is also important for adminis trators and nursing managers to create a working environment contributory to reporting, one that encourages and supports reporting of errors (Koohestani & Baghcheghi, 2009, p. 73).Another strategy to improve reporting deals with the process of reporting. Although the process of reporting was considered the low barrier to reporting, research still suggests that improving this process can lead to better reporting of outcomes. Brady et al. (2009) suggest that electronic reporting systems improve reporting. This type of system improves the reporting process by making it easier. There is significantly less paperwork required, and the fear associated with reporting is significantly reduced. In order to change the lack of reporting of medication errors, the perceived problems with reporting need to be improved. The first step in this improvement starts within the nursing profession. Recognizing that nurses play an active role in preventing and reporting medication errors will help to mi tigate the number of errors. However, the distinct role of nurses in reporting medications errors needs further discussion. Importance to the nurse affairRole of NursesThe major role of nurses in the process of medication errors is first and foremost prevention. To help prevent errors, nurses moldiness first recognize why medication errors occur and make an effort to eliminate the source. They must also strive to actively follow implemented guidelines and procedures. For example, consistently practicing the five of rights of medication administration has been shown to decrease the occurrence of errors. According to Brady et al. (2009) the major role of nurses is to, take appropriate steps to develop and maintain competency in relation to all aspects of medication management (p. 694).Education plays a key role in maintaining nursing competence therefore, it is imperative to remain up to date with current knowledge, evidence based practice, and skills. formerly a medication error o ccurs, the most important role of the nurse is to report. Brady et al. (2009) concludes that, reporting medication errors is icy in improving the medication management process (p. 694). Reporting is critical for nurses because it is a legal and respectable concern in the nursing profession. Nurses must consistently report all errors and also encourage other health care professionals to report as well. Overall, the most important roles among nursing professionals are to administer medications safely and accurately, report errors consistently, and adhere to the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics.Concluding IntegrationReconsider the medication error discussed at the beginning of this paper. As the nurse in the situation, I might not have initially reported the medication error. I might have only informed the charge nurse of my mistake. afterward researching this topic, my views on medication errors and reporting have changed. I now have a greater grounds of the impact that an active nursing role can have in reducing medication errors. I believe that the implications of medication errors are important because medication administration is a key nursing role. Throughout my nursing career I will administer medications to thousands of patients. Unfortunately, I will likely be the cause of at least one medication error.According to the literature, medication errors do occur. Therefore, it is important to recognize causes so that steps can be made toward preventing medication errors. I believe that measures such as proper training and additional education are the best methods to preventing medication errors. It is also very important for nurses to actively practice safe medication administration by taking a back to basics attack and utilizing simple techniques such as the five rights. Furthermore, I believe that the best way to improve reporting is to reduce the fear surrounding reporting. One way to do this would be to initiate online reporting systems. In my future nursing practice, it will ultimately be my responsibility to administer the correct medication to patients. In order to provide patients with the best outcomes, it is important for nurses to understand the implications of medication errors.ReferencesBradley, A. M., Malone, A. M., & Fleming, S. (2009). A literature review of the somebody and system factors that contribute to medication errors in nursing practice. Journal of Nursing Management, 17, 679-697. doi 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2009.00995.x Covell, C. L., & Ritchie, J. A. (2009). Nurses responses to medication errors Suggestions for the increment of organizational strategies to improve reporting. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 24, 287-297. doi 10.1097/NCQ.0b013e3181a4d506 Drach-Zahavy, A., & Pud, D. (2010). Learning mechanisms to limit medication administration errors. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66, 794-805. doi 10.1111/j.1365-26482010.05294.x Jones, J. H., & Treiber, L. (2010). When the 5 rights go wrong Medication errors from thenursing perspective. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 25, 240-247. doi10.1097/NCQ.0b013e3181d5b948Koohestani, H. R., & Baghcheshi, N. (2009). Barriers to the reporting of medicationadministration errors among nursing students. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing,24 (1), pp. 66-74. 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